Workplace exposures to hazardous substances may play a role in the
development of some types of cancer. NIOSH is studying several hazardous
substances to determine whether there is a link to cancers that affect
women.
Related Resources
The study examined the deaths of 4,116 seafood workers, most of
whom worked in seafood processing plants. More than half (53%) of those
who died were women. The study group had more deaths from stomach cancer
and disorders of the thyroid gland compared to the general US
population, but fewer deaths from breast cancer, stroke, and heart
disease due to reduced blood supply.
The study found no evidence of increased breast cancer or melanoma among female flight attendants.
Among more than 5,000 US women older than 25 with complete data,
earlier age at menopause was found among all smokers and among service
and manufacturing industry sector workers. (Earlier age at the start of
menopause has been associated with increased all-cause, cardiovascular,
and cancer mortality risks.) Women (particularly black women) age 25 to
50 had an increased risk of earlier age at menopause with both primary
smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure.
This study examined exposures to pesticides among women in rural
areas of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. This is the first
case-control study of glioma among rural residents that looked at the
effect of pesticide exposure and work practices in women. Gliomas are a
type of cancer in the brain or spine. No evidence for association of
pesticide use and glioma risk was found.
This study examined the effects of Ethylene oxide (EtO) (a
cancer-causing agent) on chromosome (DNA) damage in workers who operate
an EtO sterilizer in hospitals. EtO is commonly used to make other
products and for sterilization. The study found some individuals who
have had a gene deleted (GSTT1 gene) may be more susceptible to DNA
damage from EtO.
This study looked at workers from three garment plants who worked
with formaldehyde. The study found there may be a link between
formaldehyde exposure and death from certain types of cancer.
This study looked at a population of dry-cleaning workers who were
exposed to perchloroethylene (PCE) to see if there was a higher rate of
death caused by cancer. Researchers found a possible link between
formaldehyde exposure and dying of myeloid leukemia.
This is an update to a previous study that looked at the possible
link between cancer deaths and exposure to toluene in workers from two
shoe manufacturing facilities. Results indicated a possible link between
lung cancer death and repeated exposure to low levels of organic
solvents.
The study involving women working in capacitor manufacturing
facilities found no overall elevation in breast cancer risk following
occupational exposure to PCBs. However, higher risk was observed among
non-white workers.
The study of mortality data for more than 4 million women who died
between 1984 and 1988 found that, with adjustments made for smoking,
significant excess proportionate lung cancer death was found among US
women working in the US manufacturing, transportation, retail trade,
nursing/personal care, and agriculture, forestry and fishing industries.
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